References for Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table: 2C9
These pages contain all the literature citations referenced in the Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Tables (both the extensive research-oriented table and the concise clinical table). Most of these citations are hyperlinks, which bring up the abstract in the NLM's PubMed database.
Click on the [ PubMed ] link after the drug name to perform a live MedLINE search of articles possibly related to that drug and Cytochrome P450.
Entries are organized by mode of activity (substrate, inhibitor, inducer) within specific isoform. You can quickly branch to a section by clicking on the appropriate link here:
1A2 | 2B6 | 2C8 | 2C19 | 2C9 | 2D6 | 2E1 | 3A457
Use Ctrl-F to find all or part of the name or word for which you are searching.
alprenolol:
PubMed
Polymorphic drug oxidation in humans.
Eichelbaum M
Fed Proc 1984 May 15;43(8):2298-2302
Competitive inhibition of sparteine oxidation in human liver by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and other cardiovascular drugs.
Otton SV, Inaba T, Kalow W
Life
Sci 1984 Jan 2;34(1):73-80
amitriptyline:
PubMed
Amitriptyline metabolism: association with debrisoquin hydroxylation in
nonsmokers.
Mellstrom B, Sawe J, Bertilsson L, Sjoqvist F
Clin
Pharmacol Ther. 1986 Apr; 39(4): 369-371
Amitriptyline pharmacokinetics and clinical response: II. Metabolic
polymorphism assessed by hydroxylation of debrisoquine and
mephenytoin.
Baumann P, Jonzier-Perey M, Koeb L, Kupfer A, Tinguely D, Schopf J
Int
Clin Psychopharmacol. 1986 Apr; 1(2): 102-112
amphetamine:
PubMed
The metabolic fate of amphetamine in man and other species.
Dring LG, Smith RL, Williams TR
Biochem
J 1970;425-435
Introduction: human genetic variations in oxidative drug
metabolism.
Smith RL
Xenobiotica 1986;16:361-365
aripiprazole: PubMed
Aripiprazole: a review of its use in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
Swainston Harrison T, Perry CM.
Drugs. 2004;64(15):1715-36.
atomoxetine: PubMed
Identification of the human cytochromes P450 responsible for atomoxetine metabolism.
Ring BJ, Gillespie JS, Eckstein JA, Wrighton SA.
Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Mar;30(3):319-23.
bufuralol:
PubMed
Genetic polymorphism in drug oxidation: in vitro studies of human debrisoquine
4-hydroxylase and bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase activities.
Boobis AR, Murray S, Hampden CE, Davies DS
Biochem
Pharmacol 1985 Jan 1;34(1):65-71
Characterization of a common genetic defect of cytochrome P-450 function
(debrisoquine-sparteine type polymorphism)--increased Michaelis is Constant
(Km) and loss of stereoselectivity of bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation in poor
metabolizers.
Dayer P, Gasser R, Gut J, Kronbach T, Robertz GM, Eichelbaum M, Meyer UA
Biochem
Biophys Res Commun 1984 Nov 30;125(1):374-380
Debrisoquine-type polymorphism of drug oxidation: purification from human
liver of a cytochrome P450 isozyme with high activity for bufuralol
hydroxylation.
Gut J, Gasser R, Dayer P, Kronbach T, Catin T, Meyer UA
FEBS
Lett 1984 Aug 6;173(2):287-290
Enzymatic basis of the debrisoquine/sparteine-type genetic polymorphism
of drug oxidation. Characterization of bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation in liver
microsomes of in vivo phenotyped carriers of the genetic deficiency.
Dayer P, Kronbach T, Eichelbaum M, Meyer UA
Biochem
Pharmacol 1987 Dec 1;36(23):4145-4152
carvedilol:
PubMed
chlorpheniramine:
PubMed
chlorpromazine:
PubMed
clomipramine:
PubMed
Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants:
clinical aspects.
Bertilsson L, Dahl ML, Tybring G
Acta
Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1997;391:14-21
codeine:
PubMed
Impact of environmental and genetic factors on codeine analgesia.
Desmeules J, Gascon MP, Dayer P, Magistris M
Eur
J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41(1):23-26
debrisoquine:
PubMed
Polymorphism of carbon oxidation of drugs and clinical
implications.
Sloan TP, Mahgoub A, Lancaster R, Idle JR, Smith RL
Br
Med J. 1978 Sep 2; 2(6138): 655-657
Genetically determined defects of oxidation at carbon centres of
drugs.
Smith RL, Idle JR, Mahgoub AA, Sloan TP, Lancaster R
Lancet.
1978 Apr 29; 1(8070): 943-944
Hypotensive response to debrisoquine and hydroxylation phenotype.
Idle JR, Mahgoub A, Lancaster R, Smith RL
Life
Sci. 1978 Mar; 22(11): 979-983
Polymorphic hydroxylation of Debrisoquine in man.
Mahgoub A, Idle JR, Dring LG, Lancaster R, Smith RL
Lancet.
1977 Sep 17; 2(8038): 584-586
desipramine:
PubMed
Polymorphic 2-hydroxylation of desipramine: A population and family
study.
Dahl ML, Iselius L, Alm C, Svensson JO, Lee D, Johansson I. Ingelman-Sundberg
M. Sjoqvist F
Eur
J Clin Pharmacol 1993;44:445-450
dexfenfluramine:
PubMed
The influence of the sparteine/debrisoquine genetic polymorphism on the
disposition of dexfenfluramine.
Gross AS, Phillips AC, Rieutord A, Shenfield GM
Br
J Clin Pharmacol 1996;41:311-317
dextromethorphan:
PubMed
Debrisoquine and dextromethorphan phenotyping and antidepressant
treatment.
Perault MC, Bouquet S, Bertschy G, Vandel S, Chakroun R, Guibert S, Vandel
B
Therapie
1991 Jan;46(1):1-3
doxepin:
PubMed
Doxepin inhibits CYP2D6 activity in vivo.
Szewczuk-Boguslawska M, Kiejna A, Beszlej JA, Orzechowska-Juzwenko K, Milejski P
Pol J Pharmacol. 2004 Jul-Aug;56(4):491-4.
| » DULOXETINE |
[ PubMed ] |
| Article | Duloxetine is both an inhibitor and a substrate of cytochrome P4502D6 in healthy volunteers. |
| Authors | Skinner MH, Kuan HY, Pan A, Sathirakul K, Knadler MP, Gonzales CR, Yeo KP, Reddy S, Lim M, Ayan-Oshodi M, Wise SD. |
| Link to Abstract | Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Mar;73(3):170-7. |
| Info | www.rxlist.com |
encainide:
PubMed
Effect of low dose quinidine on encainide pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics. Influence of genetic polymorphism.
Funck-Brentano C, Turgeon J, Woosley RL, Roden DM
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989 Apr;249(1):134-42
flecainide:
PubMed
Variable disposition kinetics and electrocardiographic effects of flecainide
during repeated dosing in humans: contribution of genetic factors, dose-dependent
clearance, and interaction with amiodarone.
Funck-Brentano C, Becquemont L, Kroemer HK, Buhl K, Knebel NG, Eichelbaum
M, Jaillon P
Clin
Pharmacol Ther 1994 Mar;55(3):256-269
fluoxetine:
PubMed
The disposition of fluoxetine but not sertraline
is altered in poor metabolizers of debrisoquin.
Hamelin BA, Turgeon J, Vallee F, Belanger P-M, Paquet F, LeBel M
Clin
Pharmacol Ther 1996;60:512-521
fluvoxamine:
PubMed
Disposition of fluvoxamine in humans is determined by the polymorphic
CYP2D6 and also by the CYP1A2 activity.
Carillo JA, Dahl M-L, Svennson J-O, Alm C, Rodriguez I, Bertillson L
Clin
Pharmacol Ther 1996;60:183-190
histamine H1 receptor antagonists
PubMed
In Vitro Characterization of Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibition by Classic Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists
Drug Metab Dispos. 1998 Jun;26(6):536-9.
haloperidol:
PubMed
Haloperidol disposition is dependent on the debrisoquine hydroxylation
phenotype: increased plasma levels of the reduced metabolite in poor
metabolizers.
Llerena, A., Dahl, M.-L., Ekqvist, B., and Bertilsson, L
Ther
Drug Monit 14:261-264, 1992
imipramine:
PubMed
Role of P450 IID6, the target of the
sparteine-debrisoquin oxidation polymorphism, in the metabolism of
imipramine.
Brřsen K, Zeugin T, Meyer UA
Clin
Pharmacol Ther 1991;49(6):609-617
lidocaine:
PubMed
metoclopramide:
PubMed
methoxyamphetamine:
PubMed
S-metoprolol:
PubMed
Influence of amino acid residue 374 of cytochrome P-450 2D6 (CYP2D6) on
the regio- and enantio-selective metabolism of metoprolol.
Ellis SW, Rowland K, Ackland MJ, Rekka E, Simula AP, Lennard MS, Wolf CR,
Tucker GT
Biochem
J. 1996 Jun 1; 316( Pt 2): 647-654
Influence of debrisoquine oxidation phenotype on exercise tolerance and
subjective fatigue after metoprolol and atenolol in healthy subjects.
Lewis RV, Ramsay LE, Jackson PR, Yeo WW, Lennard MS, Tucker GT
Br
J Clin Pharmacol 1991 Apr;31(4):391-398
Debrisoquine phenotype and the pharmacokinetics and beta-2 receptor
pharmacodynamics of metoprolol and its enantiomers.
Jonkers RE, Koopmans RP, Portier EJ, van Boxtel CJ
J
Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991 Mar;256(3):959-966
Debrisoquine polymorphism and the metabolism and action of metoprolol,
timolol, propranolol and atenolol.
Lennard MS, Tucker GT, Silas JH, Woods HF
Xenobiotica
1986 May;16(5):435-447
Single-dose quinidine treatment inhibits metoprolol oxidation in extensive
metabolizers.
Leemann T, Dayer P, Meyer UA
Eur
J Clin Pharmacol 1986;29(6):739-741
Metoprolol metabolism and debrisoquine oxidation polymorphism--population
and family studies.
McGourty JC, Silas JH, Lennard MS, Tucker GT, Woods HF
Br
J Clin Pharmacol 1985 Dec;20(6):555-566
Differential stereoselective metabolism of metoprolol in extensive and
poor debrisoquin metabolizers.
Lennard MS, Tucker GT, Silas JH, Freestone S, Ramsay LE, Woods HF
Clin
Pharmacol Ther 1983 Dec;34(6):732-737
Oxidation phenotype--a major determinant of metoprolol metabolism and
response.
Lennard MS, Silas JH, Freestone S, Ramsay LE, Tucker GT, Woods HF
N
Engl J Med 1982 Dec 16;307(25):1558-1560
Defective metabolism of metoprolol in poor hydroxylators of
debrisoquine.
Lennard MS, Silas JH, Freestone S, Trevethick J
Br
J Clin Pharmacol 1982 Aug;14(2):301-303
mexiletine:
PubMed
minaprine:
PubMed
Involvement of the cytochrome P-450IID subfamily in minaprine 4-hydroxylation
by human hepatic microsomes.
Marre, F., Fabre, G., Lacarelle, B., Bourrie, M., Catalin, J., Berger, Y.,
Rahmani, R., and Cano, J.-P
Drug
Metab Dispos 20(2):316-321, 1992
nebivolol:
PubMed
Pharmacokinetic disposition of nebivolol in extensive and poor CYP2D6 metabolizers.
Andrew A. Shaw, John Ziemniak, Shiyao Liu, Scott W. Chervenick, Russell J. Rackley.
American Society for Clinical Pharacology and Therapeutics. March 2-6, 2005. Orlando, FL.
nortriptyline:
PubMed
oxycodone:
PubMed
ondansetron:
PubMed
Disposition of fluvoxamine in humans is determined by the polymorphicCYP2D6 and also by the CYP1A2 activity.
Carillo, J.A., Dahl, M.-L., Svennson, J., Rodriguez, I., and Bertilsson, L
Clin
Pharmacol Ther 60:183-190, 1996
paroxetine:
PubMed
perhexiline:
PubMed
perphenazine:
PubMed
Disposition of perphenazine is related to polymorphic debrisoquin
hydroxylation in human beings.
Dahl-Puustinen, M.-L., Liden, A., Alm, C., Nordin, C., and Bertilsson, L
Clin
Pharmacol Ther 46(1):78-81, 1989
Steady state serum concentrations of the neuroleptic perphenazine in relation
to CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism.
Linnet K, Wiborg O
Clin
Pharmacol Ther 1996;60:41-47
Inhibitors of imipramine metabolism by human liver microsomes.
Skjelbo, E. and Brosen, K
Br
J Clin Pharmacol 34:256-261, 1992
phenacetin:
PubMed
phenformin:
PubMed
promethazine
PubMed
Akathisia with combined use of midodrine and promethazine.
Platts SH, Shi SJ, Meck JV.
JAMA. 2006 May 3;295(17):2000-1.
propafenone:
PubMed
The role of genetically-determined polymorphic drug metabolism in the
beta-blockade produced by propafenone.
Lee JT, Kroemer HK, Silberstein DJ, Funck-Brentano C, Lineberry MD, Wood
AJJ, Roden DM, Woosley RL
N
Eng J Med 1990;332(25):1764-1768
propanolol:
PubMed
quanoxan:
PubMed
risperidone:
PubMed
Pharmacokinetics of the novel antipsychotic agent risperidone and the
prolactin response in healthy subjects.
Huang ML, Van Peer A, Woestenborghs R, De Coster R, Heykants J, Jansen AA,
Zylicz Z, Visscher HW, Jonkman JH
Clin
Pharmacol Ther. 1993 Sep; 54(3): 257-268
sparteine:
PubMed
Pharmacogenetic covariation of defective N-oxidation of sparteine and
4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine.
Bertilsson L, Dengler HJ, Eichelbaum M, Schulz HU
Eur
J Clin Pharmacol. 1980 Feb; 17(2): 153-155
Influence of the defective metabolism of sparteine on its
pharmacokinetics.
Eichelbaum M, Spannbrucker N, Dengler HJ
Eur
J Clin Pharmacol. 1979 Sep; 16(3): 189-194
Defective N-oxidation of sparteine in man: a new pharmacogenetic
defect.
Eichelbaum M, Spannbrucker N, Steincke B, Dengler HJ
Eur
J Clin Pharmacol. 1979 Sep; 16(3): 183-187
A human genetic defect in the metabolism of sparteine.
Spannbrucker N, Eichelbaum M, Steinke B, Dengler HJ
Verh
Dtsch Ges Inn Med. 1978; 84: 1125-1127 German
tamoxifen:
PubMed
Delineation of human cytochromes P450 involved in the metabolism of
tamoxifen.
Daniels, L., Blankson, E.A., Henderson, C.J., Harris, A.H., Wolf, C.R., Lennard,
M.S., and Tucker, G.T
Br J Clin Pharmacol 33:153P, 1992
Active tamoxifen metabolite plasma concentrations after coadministration of tamoxifen and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine.
Stearns V, Johnson MD, Rae JM, Morocho A, Novielli A, Bhargava P, Hayes DF, Desta Z, Flockhart DA.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Dec 3;95(23):1734-5.
thioridazine:
PubMed
Plasma levels of thioridazine and metabolites are influenced by the
debrisoquin hydroxylation phenotype.
von Bahr C, Movin G, Nordon C, Liden A, Hammarlund-Udenaes,M, Hedberg,A,
Ring H, Sjoqvist F
Clin
Pharmacol Ther 49:234-240, 1991
timolol:
PubMed
Pharmacogenetic explanation for excessive beta-blockade following timolol
eye drops. Potential for oral-ophthalmic drug interaction.
Edeki TI, He H, Wood AJ
JAMA.
1995 Nov 22; 274(20): 1611-1613
Systemic absorption of ocular timolol in poor and extensive metabolizers
of debrisoquine.
Huupponen R, Kaila T, Lahdes K, Salminen L, Iisalo E
J
Ocul Pharmacol. 1991; 7(2): 183-187
The effects of timolol on intraocular pressure and exercise heart rate
in poor and extensive debrisoquine metabolizers.
al-Sereiti MR, Edeki T, Lledo P, Turner P
Int
J Clin Pharmacol Res 1990;10(6):339-345
Prevalence of debrisoquine oxidation phenotypes in glaucoma
patients.
Salminen L, Lindberg R, Toivari HR, Huupponen R, Kaila T, Iisalo E
Int
Ophthalmol 1989 Jan;13(1-2):91-93
Debrisoquine polymorphism and the metabolism and action of metoprolol,
timolol, propranolol and atenolol.
Lennard MS, Tucker GT, Silas JH, Woods HF
Xenobiotica.
1986 May; 16(5): 435-447
Pharmacokinetics and beta-blocking effects of timolol in poor and extensive
metabolizers of debrisoquin.
McGourty JC, Silas JH, Fleming JJ, McBurney A, Ward JW
Clin
Pharmacol Ther. 1985 Oct; 38(4): 409-413
Timolol and atenolol: relationships between oxidation phenotype,
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Lewis RV, Lennard MS, Jackson PR, Tucker GT, Ramsay LE, Woods HF
Br
J Clin Pharmacol. 1985 Mar; 19(3): 329-333
Timolol determination in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid
chromatography with ultraviolet detection.
Lennard MS, Parkin S
J
Chromatogr. 1985 Feb 27; 338(1): 249-252
Polymorphic metabolism of the beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs and its
clinical relevance
Smith RL
Eur
J Clin Pharmacol. 1985; 28 Suppl: 77-84
tramadol:
PubMed
Pharmacology of tramadol.
Dayer P, Desmeules J, Collart L
Drugs 1997;53 Suppl 2:18-24
A rapid and simple CYP2D6 genotyping assay--case study with the analgetic tramadol.
Borlak J, Hermann R, Erb K, Thum T.
Metabolism. 2003 Nov;52(11):1439-43
venlafaxine:
PubMed
O- and N-demethylation of venlafaxine in vitro by human liver microsomes
and by microsomes from cDNA-transfected cells: effect of metabolic inhibitors
and SSRI antidepressants.
Fogelman SM, Schmider J, Venkatakrishnan K, von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS,
Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ
Neuropsychopharmacology
1999 May;20(5):480-90
Zuclopenthixol: PubMed
Cytochrome p450 phenotyping/genotyping in patients receiving antipsychotics: useful aid to prescribing?
Dahl ML
Clin Pharmacokinet. 2002;41(7):453-70.
Pharmacogenetics of classical and new antipsychotic drugs.
Otani K, Aoshima T
Ther Drug Monit. 2000 Feb;22(1):118-21.
2D6 INHIBITORS
amiodarone:
PubMed
bupropion:
PubMed
Inhibition of CYP2D6 Activity by Bupropion.
Kotlyar M, Brauer LH, Tracy TS, Hatsukami DK, Harris J, Bronars CA, Adson DE
J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Jun;25(3):226-229.
celecoxib:
PubMed
chlorpheniramine:
PubMed
chlorpromazine:
PubMed
| » CINACALCET |
[ PubMed ] |
| Article | Effect of cinacalcet hydrochloride, a new calcimimetic agent, on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan: in vitro and clinical studies. |
| Authors | Nakashima D, Takama H, Ogasawara Y, Kawakami T, Nishitoba T, Hoshi S, Uchida E, Tanaka H. |
| Link to Abstract | J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Oct;47(10):1311-9.
|
| Article | Pharmacokinetics of desipramine HCl when administered with cinacalcet HCl. |
| Authors | Harris RZ, Salfi M, Posvar E, Hoelscher D, Padhi D. |
| Link to Abstract | Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Feb;63(2):159-63. |
| Info | www.rxlist.com |
Differential inhibition of individual human liver cytochromes P450 by cimetidine.
Knodell RG, Browne DG, Gwozdz GP, Brian WR, Guengerich FP
Gastroenterology
1991;101:1680-1691
citalopram:
PubMed
Clinically relevant pharmacology of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. An overview with emphasis on pharmacokinetics and effects on oxidative drug metabolism.
Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997;32 Suppl 1:1-21.
clomipramine:
PubMed
Cytochrome p450 IID6, its role in psychopharmacology.
Lamard L, Perault MC, Bouquet S, Guibert S
Ann
Med Psychol (Paris) 1995 Feb;153(2):140-143
cocaine:
PubMed
Neuronal cytochrome P450IID1 (debrisoquine/sparteine-type): Potent inhibition
of activity by (-)-cocaine and necleotide sequence identity to human hepatic
P450 gene CYP2D6.
Tyndale RF, Sunahara RK, Inaba T, Kalow W, Gonzalez FJ, Niznik HB
Mol Pharmacol 40:63-68, 1991
doxorubicin:
PubMed
Inhibitory effects of anticancer drugs on dextromethorphan-O-demethylase activity in human liver microsomes.
Le Guellec C, Lacarelle B, Catalin J, Durand A
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 32:491-495, 1993
| » DULOXETINE |
[ PubMed ] |
| Article | Duloxetine is both an inhibitor and a substrate of cytochrome P4502D6 in healthy volunteers. |
| Authors | Skinner MH, Kuan HY, Pan A, Sathirakul K, Knadler MP, Gonzales CR, Yeo KP, Reddy S, Lim M, Ayan-Oshodi M, Wise SD. |
| Link to Abstract | Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Mar;73(3):170-7. |
| Info | www.rxlist.com |
escitalopram:
PubMed
halofantrine:
PubMed
levomepromazine:
PubMed
midodrine
PubMed
Akathisia with combined use of midodrine and promethazine.
Platts SH, Shi SJ, Meck JV.
JAMA. 2006 May 3;295(17):2000-1.
methadone:
PubMed
Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by methadone.
Wu D, Otton SV, Sproule BA, Busto U, Inaba T, Kalow W, Sellers EM
Br
J Clin Pharmacol 1993 Jan;35(1):30-34
moclobemide:
PubMed
Moclobemide: a substrate of CYP2C19 and an inhibitor of CYP2C19, CYP2D6
and CYP1A2: A panel study.
Gram LF, Guentert TW, Grange S, Vistisen K, Brřsen K
Clin
Pharmacol Ther 1995;57(6):670-677
| » PAROXETINE |
[ PubMed ] |
| Article | Apparent mechanism-based inhibition of human CYP2D6 in vitro by paroxetine: comparison with fluoxetine and quinidine. |
| Authors | Bertelsen KM, Venkatakrishnan K, Von Moltke LL, Obach RS, Greenblatt DJ. |
| Link to Abstract | Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Mar;31(3):289-93.
|
| Article | CYP2D6 genotype, antidepressant use, and tamoxifen metabolism during adjuvant breast cancer treatment. |
| Authors | Jin Y, Desta Z, Stearns V, Ward B, Ho H, Lee KH, Skaar T, Storniolo AM, Li L, Araba A, Blanchard R, Nguyen A, Ullmer L, Hayden J, Lemler S, Weinshilboum RM, Rae JM, Hayes DF, Flockhart DA. |
| Link to Abstract | J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Jan 5;97(1):30-9.
|
| Article | Active tamoxifen metabolite plasma concentrations after coadministration of tamoxifen and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine. |
| Authors | Stearns V, Johnson MD, Rae JM, Morocho A, Novielli A, Bhargava P, Hayes DF, Desta Z, Flockhart DA. |
| Link to Abstract | J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Dec 3;95(23):1758-64.
|
| Article | Inhibition by paroxetine of desipramine metabolism in extensive but not in poor metabolizers of sparteine. |
| Authors | Brosen K, Hansen JG, Nielsen KK, Sindrup SH, Gram LF. |
| Link to Abstract | Eur J Clin Pharmacol 44:349-355, 1993.
|
| Article | Plasma concentrations of clozapine and its major metabolites during combined treatment with paroxetine or sertraline. |
| Authors | Spina E, Avenoso A, Salemi M, Facciolá G, Scordo MG, Ancione M, Madia A. |
| Link to Abstract | Pharmacopsychiatry. 2000 Nov;33(6):213-7.
|
| Article | CYP2D6 inhibition by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: analysis of achievable steady-state plasma concentrations and the effect of ultrarapid metabolism at CYP2D6. |
| Authors | Lam YW, Gaedigk A, Ereshefsky L, Alfaro CL, Simpson J. |
| Link to Abstract | Pharmacotherapy. 2002 Aug;22(8):1001-6.
|
| Info | www.rxlist.com |
| » QUINIDINE |
[ PubMed ] |
| Article | Why is quinidine an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2D6? The role of key active-site residues in quinidine binding. |
| Authors | McLaughlin LA, Paine MJ, Kemp CA, Maréchal JD, Flanagan JU, Ward CJ, Sutcliffe MJ, Roberts GC, Wolf CR. |
| Link to Abstract | J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 18;280(46):38617-24.
|
| Article | Inhibition of desmethylimipramine 2-hydroxylation by drugs in human liver microsomes. |
| Authors | von Bahr C, Spina E, Birgersson C, Ericsson O, Göransson M, Henthorn T, Sjöqvist F. |
| Link to Abstract | Biochem Pharmacol. 1985 Jul 15;34(14):2501-5.
|
| Article | In vivo modulation of CYP enzymes by quinidine and rifampin. |
| Authors | Branch RA, Adedoyin A, Frye RF, Wilson JW, Romkes M. |
| Link to Abstract | Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Oct;68(4):401-11.
|
| Article | Inhibition of desipramine hydroxylation (Cytochrome P450-2D6) in vitro by quinidine and by viral protease inhibitors: relation to drug interactions in vivo. |
| Authors | von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Duan SX, Daily JP, Harmatz JS, Shader RI. |
| Link to Abstract | J Pharm Sci. 1998 Oct;87(10):1184-9.
|
| Info | www.rxlist.com |
ranitidine:
PubMed
reduced haloperidol:
PubMed
Oxidation of reduced haloperidol to haloperidol:
involvement of human P450 2D6.
Tyndale RF, Kalow W, Inaba T
Br
J Clin Pharmacol 1991;31:655-660
ritonavir:
PubMed
Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor ritonavir
(ABT-538) in human liver microsomes.
Kumar GN, Rodrigues AD, Buko AM, Denissen JF
J
Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996;277(1):423-431
dexamethasone:
PubMed
rifampin:
PubMed
The influence of enzyme induction on ploymorphic sparteine
oxidation.
Eichelbaum M, Mineshita S, Ohnhaus EE, Zekorn C
Br
J Clin Pharmacol 1986;22:49-53
The genetic polymorphism of sparteine metabolism.
Eichelbaum M, Reetz K, Schmidt K, and Zekorn C
Xenobiotica
16(5):465-481, 1986
|